Trial	Study arms	Efficacy Outcomes	References
CheckMate 649 n=1,581; phase III trial, metastatic patients with esophageal, gastric or GEJ cancers, first-line	CTx (Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin or FOLFOX) vs CTx (Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin or FOLFOX) with Nivolumab vs Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab	ORR: 45% vs 60%; p<0.0001 mPFS: 6.1 months vs 7.7 months; p<0.0001 mOS: CPS ≥5: 11.1 months; All patients: 11.6 months vs CPS ≥5: 14.4 months, p<0.0001; All patients: 13.8 months, p=0.0002	[@97990]
ATTRACTION-4 n=724; phase II trial, metastatic Asian G/GEJ cancer patients, first-line	CTx (S-1 or capecitabine plus oxaliplatin) vs CTx (S-1 or capecitabine plus oxaliplatin) with nivolumab	ORR: 47.8% vs 57.5%; p=0.0088 mPFS: 8.34 months vs 10.45 months; p=0.0007 mOS: 17.15 months vs 17.45 months; p=0.26	[@97992]
KEYNOTE-590, n=749; phase III trial locally advanced unresectable or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or adenocarcinoma (AC) of the esophagus	Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy (5-FU plus cisplatin) vs placebo plus chemotherapy	ORR: 45% vs 29.3% mOS: CPS ≥10: 13.9 months vs 8.8 months; all ESCC: 12.6 months vs 9.8 months	[@97995]
CheckMate 648 n=970; phase III trial, patients with metastatic and untreated ESCC	Nivolumab plus chemotherapy (5-FU plus cisplatin), vs the combination of nivolumab plus ipilimumab vs chemotherapy	mOS: nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in PD-L1 ≥1% population: 15.4 months vs 9.1 months; p<0.0001	[@97996]
DESTINY-Gastric01 n=188; phase II trial, HER2+ Asian metastatic gastric cancer patients, third- or later-line	CTx (irinotecan or paclitaxel) vs trastuzumab deruxtecan	ORR: 14% vs 51%; p<0.001 mPFS: 3.5 months vs 5.6 months; p=0.01 mOS: 8.4 months vs 12.5 months; p=0.01	[@97997]